For many people, information technology (IT) is basically synonymous with the guys and gals you call when you need help with a computer issue. While that view of information technology isn’t totally wrong, it drastically understates the scope of this critical career field.
If you’re looking to get a better handle on what information technology is and the many facets of this field, then you’ve come to the right place. We’ve done the digging for you and spoke with IT industry pros to create this helpful beginner’s guide to the field.
What is information technology and what does it encompass?
The most basic information technology definition is that it's the application of technology to solve business or organizational problems on a broad scale. No matter the role, a member of an IT department works with others to solve technology problems, both big and small.
There are three primary pillars of responsibility for an IT department:
- IT governance: This refers to the combination of policies and processes that ensure IT systems are effectively run and in alignment with the organization’s needs.
- IT operations: This is a catchall category for the daily work of an IT department. This includes providing tech support, network maintenance, security testing and device management duties.
- Hardware and infrastructure: This focus area refers to all the physical components of IT infrastructure. This pillar of IT includes the setup and maintenance of equipment like routers, servers, phone systems and individual devices like laptops.
Even though an organization’s IT department handles many different functions and plays a critical role in keeping things running, Andrey Prokopchuk, head of IT at Belitsoft, says the perfect IT department is the one you aren’t even aware of. This means that they are able to automate and create processes for many of their daily tasks, so that the business continues to run smoothly. The ideal IT department is also aligned with the business’s goals and transparent in its processes in a way that the rest of the business can understand and provide input on.
Why is information technology important?
Simply put, the work of most organizations would slow to a crawl without functioning IT systems. You’d be hard-pressed to find a business that doesn’t at least partially rely on computers and the networks that connect them. Maintaining a standard level of service, security and connectivity is a huge task, but it’s not the only priority or potential challenge on their plates.
More and more companies want to implement more intuitive and sophisticated solutions. “IT can provide the edge a company needs to outsmart, outpace and out-deliver competitors,” says Edward Kiledjian, a Chief Information Security Officer and technology blogger. Let’s take a look at the needs that current and future IT specialists will be working on:
- Data overload: Businesses need to process huge amounts of data. This requires large amounts of processing power, sophisticated software and human analytical skills.
- Mobile and wireless usages: More employers are offering remote work options that require smartphones, tablets and laptops with wireless hotspots and roaming ability.
- Cloud services: Most businesses no longer operate their own “server farms” to store massive amounts of data. Many businesses now work with cloud services—third-party hosting platforms that maintain that data.
- Bandwidth for video hosting: Videoconferencing solutions have become more and more popular, so more network bandwidth is needed to support them sufficiently.
Based on the volume of these needs, you probably won’t be too surprised to learn that employment of computer and information technology occupations is projected to grow 13 percent from 2016 to 2026, which is faster than the average for all occupations, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.*
Hardware vs. software
You know that working with hardware and software is a large part of an IT department’s work, but what counts as hardware? And what’s software? Let’s break down this important distinction.
Hardware includes all the physical parts of a computer system. This includes hardware installed inside the computer like the motherboard, central processing unit and hard drive. Hardware also describes components that can be connected to the outside of a computer like a keyboard, mouse and printer. Keep in mind though that some tablets and smaller laptops integrate items like a keyboard and a mouse within the device. Basically, hardware is any part, component or device related to computers and their networks that you can physically touch and manipulate.
Unlike hardware, software is not something you can physically change. Software encompasses all the data, application and programs stored electronically, like an operating system or a video-editing tool.
So how does this distinction apply to an IT career? Nearly every IT job requires a blend of hardware and software-based know-how. Some IT workers may spend more time working with configuring hardware components, but those components are also governed by software. Additionally, IT professionals are responsible for deploying and setting up software applications for users.
IT career opportunities
Now that you know the general responsibilities of an IT department, you may be wondering what the individual roles within are. Here are some of the positions that you’ll find in many IT departments:
- Computer support specialists work on the front lines troubleshooting any technology issues including software issues, computer crashes and hardware trouble. These specialists may also assist senior-level IT members with larger-scale network issues.
- Network systems administrators focus on the big picture of the network system, security and performance.
- Computer systems analysts work behind the scenes to marry IT with smart business solutions. They usually specialize in a particular industry while working for a technology firm or work directly in an industry, like finance or government.
- Information security analysts are responsible for the security of an organization’s computer networks, conducting tests and developing company-wide best security practices.
Keep in mind that some of these roles will change depending on the size and scope of the company. In smaller companies, most of your daily work may revolve around relatively mundane things like troubleshooting printers, but on the other hand, you may be required to be more of a jack-of-all-trades with broader knowledge. With large firms, IT employees have a more diverse array of potential focus areas—some may work upward into management and strategic planning roles, while others may pursue specialized areas like cybersecurity.
What characteristics are employers looking for in IT candidates?
Candidates who are best suited for IT work are those who have strong communication skills. From helping executives develop sophisticated technological solutions to troubleshooting a network issue, those in information technology need to have a level of empathy that allows them to see exactly what a client or co-worker is dealing with and calmly help them achieve their goal or solve a problem.
This may mean breaking down a large problem or an end goal into multiple steps so that the stakeholder can see exactly what it will take to accomplish it. Taking time to define and explain what’s needed can help an IT department better manage stakeholders’ expectations and maximize the department’s hours in the best way possible, according to Keri Peterson, IT business analyst and project manager at University of Northwestern-St. Paul. Many businesses want to use technology as a means to an end, and a competent IT department can help them get there.
A positive attitude and passion for technology can help an IT employee succeed and advance. Jack Bedell-Pearce, managing director of 4D Data Centres, says that the combination of these traits will foster greater responsibilities. Plus, this passion for technology will make staying up to date on the latest technology and advancements—another must for the IT professional—much easier and enjoyable.
Are you a fit for an IT career?
Now that you’ve got a better handle on the basics of what information technology is and the important nature of the field, you might be wondering whether a tech career is the right fit for you. Our article, “8 Signs You’re Wired to Major in Technology,” lays out some of the telltale indicators you’d do well in a Technology-related degree program.
*Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, [information accessed November 5, 2018] https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/home.htm. Information represents national, averaged data for the occupations listed and include workers at all levels of education and experience. Employment conditions in your area may vary.
FAQs
Information technology (IT) is a broad professional category covering functions including building communications networks, safeguarding data and information, and troubleshooting computer problems.
What is information technology beginner? ›
The most basic information technology definition is that it's the application of technology to solve business or organizational problems on a broad scale. No matter the role, a member of an IT department works with others to solve technology problems, both big and small.
What is information technology in short? ›
01), Information Technology means the use of hardware, software, services, and supporting infrastructure to manage and deliver information using voice, data, and video.
What is information technology and examples? ›
Information technology is defined as a broad term that includes the development, installing and use of anything to do with computing and telecommunications. An example of information technology is the creation of a new word processing program. An example of information technology is cloud computing. noun.
What is technology in your own opinion? ›
Technology is the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes or applications, whether in industry or in our everyday lives. So, basically, whenever we use our scientific knowledge to achieve some specific purpose, we're using technology.
What is the importance of information technology? ›
Information technology helps to build and grow the commerce and business sector and generate the maximum possible output. The time taken by different sectors to generate business is now minimized with advancements in Information technology. It provides electronic security, storage, and efficient communication.
How can I learn information technology by myself? ›
There are a few ways you can learn IT on your own – and many of them include expert instruction and support. You could participate in an online course, you could self-study with tutorials and study guides, or you could earn an IT certification.
What is the work of information technology? ›
Information technology (IT) is the use of computer systems or devices to access information. Information technology is responsible for such a large portion of our workforce, business operations and personal access to information that it comprises much of our daily activities.
What is the best definition of technology? ›
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment.
Why is IT called information technology? ›
The term IT (Information Technology) in its simplest form covers every task that computers are used for. The usage of technology to crunch information and resolve business challenges or to streamline and organize processes through technology in an organization is commonly known as IT.
Businesses tend to use IT in three main ways: to support basic information processing tasks, to help with decision-making, and to support innovation. For instance, when it comes to information processes, IT is used to streamline tasks from computing and printing payroll to creating presentations.
What is a good sentence for technology? ›
The ability of science and technology to improve human life is known to us. Technology has made us ever more productive. I'm not opposed to technology, I simply enjoy the work. Technology is simply the combining of other economic products in new ways.
How did information technology start? ›
It first started when electronic equipment including computers began to take place. At the beginning of this stage, it was realized that electronic vacuum tubes could be used instead of electromechanical parts. The first high-speed digital computer was the ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
How does technology help you as a student? ›
Technology provides students with easy-to-access information, accelerated learning, and fun opportunities to practice what they learn. It enables students to explore new subjects and deepen their understanding of difficult concepts, particularly in STEM.
How important is technology in education today? ›
It enables online education, distance learning, and access to up-to-date information. Because each student interprets this information differently, technology can enable more research into subjects that are more difficult to learn.
What is the most important technology in society today? ›
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial intelligence is probably the most important and ground-breaking trend in technology today. The fact that we have created machines and systems that can think for themselves is truly astounding, and the trend shows no signs of slowing down.
What is the impact of information technology in your daily life? ›
Technology affects almost every aspect of 21st century life, from transport efficiency and safety to access to food and healthcare, socialization and productivity. The power of the internet has enabled global communities to form, and ideas and resources to be shared more easily.
What are the benefits and importance of technology? ›
Benefits Of Technology to the Society: Technology has aided civilization in a variety of ways, the most notable of which are health care, education, and communication. It has also changed the way people enjoy themselves, participate in politics, and work. Society and technology are inextricably linked.
How can I learn information technology fast? ›
- Allocate Adequate Time for Research & Exploration. ...
- Identify All Prerequisites for the Particular Technology. ...
- Find the Right Resources for Learning Process. ...
- Don't Hesitate to Ask Help. ...
- Do Practice the Things You've Learned. ...
- Put your Knowledge to the Test. ...
- Share Your Learning With Others.
How to improve your technical skills
- Dedicate time to reading around. ...
- Identify your favourite tech-related media outlets. ...
- Curate your own public profile. ...
- Use tools to increase your own efficiency. ...
- Analyse what you consume. ...
- Start building your skill set. ...
- Experiment, experiment, experiment.
- 5 Ways to Succeed in Information Technology. ...
- Identify Your Specialization. ...
- Develop Excellent Communication Skills. ...
- Have Good Research Skills. ...
- Create a Well-Organized Resume. ...
- Never Stop Learning.
Information technology courses cover a wide range of topics but some themes include software applications, hardware, programming, security, business applications, design, artificial intelligence, databases, medical records, and others. Programs range from a week to a year and can offer certification or diplomas.
What should I learn before networking? ›
In this article, we'll tell you everything you need to know about networking.
...
Below are several core concepts in computer networking that a networking professional would be required to know:
- LAN vs. WAN.
- Clients and servers.
- DNS lookup & IP addresses.
- Ethernet.
- Default gateway.
- Routers and switches.
STEM subjects are prime fields to study if you like the idea of building a career based around an exciting new technology, and a degree in any STEM subject (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) can be the first step towards making a contribution to the next stage of technological innovation.
Why you choose information technology as your course? ›
Because technology is needed in nearly every industry, IT jobs are always in demand. Secondly, because of the ever-changing landscape of technology, IT jobs are fast-paced and dynamic. Because it's such a large field there is a huge variety of career opportunities to suit every type of personality.
Why is information technology important to business? ›
In a nutshell, IT: Contributes to revenue growth with necessary improvements in business processes and products. Assists in generating new business within a short time due to the availability of accurate information. Provides timely and effective communication to customers to meet their demands.
What is the best definition of technology essay? ›
Defining Technology
Technology can also be defined as the branch of knowledge that caters to the creation and use of technical means and their relationship with society and environment, using engineering, applied and pure science.
How do you start a technology essay? ›
Steps in Doing Research for Your Technology Essay Writing
- Understand Your Assignment. ...
- Find an Interesting Technology Topic Idea. ...
- Find Relevant Sources and Read about Your Topic. ...
- Select a Research Question. ...
- Use Keywords to Find Other Sources. ...
- Make Notes as You Read Sources. ...
- Introduction: ...
- Body Paragraphs:
Humans use technology to travel, to communicate, to learn, to do business and to live in comfort. Technology has made our lives easy. It is unimaginable to explore how each new advanced technology has impacted our lives and how it will impact the future.
Who found information technology? ›
Timeline of important IT milestones
The first mechanical computer device was conceptualised and invented by English mechanical engineer and polymath Charles Babbage in the early 19th century.
IT stands for “Information Technology”. IT jobs are positions in the fields of computer software, hardware, data storage/retrieval, and computer support. Information Technology is a fast-growing industry that offers many high-paying jobs and career growth.
Why did you choose this career? ›
The Information Technology industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors worldwide providing jobs full of opportunities for professional success. The IT industry offers quick employment, opportunities in every sector, multiple career paths, high salaries, and it's easy to enter this industry without a college degree.
What is the impact of information technology on society? ›
The ever-increasing realm of information technology has helped to improve many fields of public and private human life; like economy, business, information accessibility, governmental organizations, education, social ways and means of communication and entertainment etc.
What's another word for technology? ›
synonyms for technology
- automation.
- machinery.
- computers.
- mechanics.
- mechanization.
- robotics.
- telecommunications.
- applied science.
Advantages of new technology include:
- easier, faster and more effective communication.
- better, more efficient manufacturing techniques.
- less wastage.
- more efficient stock management and ordering systems.
- the ability to develop new, innovative approaches.
- more effective marketing and promotion.
- new sales avenues.
Made nearly two million years ago, stone tools such as this are the first known technological invention. This chopping tool and others like it are the oldest objects in the British Museum.
How many types of information technology are there? ›
77 Types of Information Technology.
What is scope of information technology? ›
Information Technology is one of the best demanding courses under the IT sector. Student can find a job in TOP IT MNCs companies like IBM, Oracle, Infosys, and Google. After this course student can work as a system engineer, junior programmer, web developer or as a system administrator.
What is the conclusion of information technology? ›
Information Technology helps businesses, governments, and individuals increase their efficiency and effectiveness. Rapid improvements in hardware and processing ability forces consumers to purchase new, relevant technology. On a market level, this rapid turnover creates demand.
What are the tools used in information technology? ›
ITE Equipment
- Computers.
- Telecommunications Equipment.
- Monitors.
- Keyboards.
- Printers.
- Servers.
- Drives.
- Network HUBs.
It is important to study the history of technology so that we know how the machines we have today evolved from simpler machines. This gives us a greater appreciation of modern technology.
Why is IT called information technology? ›
The term IT (Information Technology) in its simplest form covers every task that computers are used for. The usage of technology to crunch information and resolve business challenges or to streamline and organize processes through technology in an organization is commonly known as IT.
What is the best definition of technology? ›
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human environment.
What is information technology system? ›
Information Technology Systems means all information technology systems, Software, computers, workstations, databases, routers, hubs, switches, networks and other information technology equipment used or held for use in, or otherwise relating to, the Business.
What is information technology in daily life? ›
Information technology is used in every sphere of life like education, communication, business, commerce, treatment and banking etc. Businesses are investing heavily into new technological trends as well as offering businesses the chance to operate more effectively through the application of information technology.
Where is information technology used? ›
Whether you are storing, retrieving, accessing or manipulating information, IT greatly impacts our everyday lives. Information technology is used by everyone from enterprise companies all the way down to one-person businesses and local operations. Global companies use it to manage data and innovate their processes.
Who found information technology? ›
Timeline of important IT milestones
The first mechanical computer device was conceptualised and invented by English mechanical engineer and polymath Charles Babbage in the early 19th century.
How did information technology start? ›
It first started when electronic equipment including computers began to take place. At the beginning of this stage, it was realized that electronic vacuum tubes could be used instead of electromechanical parts. The first high-speed digital computer was the ENIAC, Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
What is the best definition of technology essay? ›
Defining Technology
Technology can also be defined as the branch of knowledge that caters to the creation and use of technical means and their relationship with society and environment, using engineering, applied and pure science.
What are the benefits of technology? ›
Advantages of new technology include:
- easier, faster and more effective communication.
- better, more efficient manufacturing techniques.
- less wastage.
- more efficient stock management and ordering systems.
- the ability to develop new, innovative approaches.
- more effective marketing and promotion.
- new sales avenues.
Steps in Doing Research for Your Technology Essay Writing
- Understand Your Assignment. ...
- Find an Interesting Technology Topic Idea. ...
- Find Relevant Sources and Read about Your Topic. ...
- Select a Research Question. ...
- Use Keywords to Find Other Sources. ...
- Make Notes as You Read Sources. ...
- Introduction: ...
- Body Paragraphs:
In a nutshell, IT: Contributes to revenue growth with necessary improvements in business processes and products. Assists in generating new business within a short time due to the availability of accurate information. Provides timely and effective communication to customers to meet their demands.
What is meant by Brainly information technology? ›
Answer: Explanation: Definition of information technology. : the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data.
Why is IT important to know the difference between information technology and information systems? ›
The field of information systems works as the bridge between technology and people, whereas information technology focuses on helping them utilize and make sense of that system. The two disciplines are related, but have distinct sets of learnings and career paths.
What is the impact of information technology on society? ›
The ever-increasing realm of information technology has helped to improve many fields of public and private human life; like economy, business, information accessibility, governmental organizations, education, social ways and means of communication and entertainment etc.
