1. Ames PR, Longo UG, Denaro V, Maffulli N. Achilles tendon problems: Not just an orthopaedic issue. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20–22):1646–1650. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
2. Longo UG, Rittweger J, Garau G, et al. No influence of age, gender, weight, height, and impact profile in achilles tendinopathy in masters track and field athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(7):1400–1405. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
3. Herring SA, Nilson KL. Introduction to overuse injuries. Clin Sports Med. 1987;6(2):225–239. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
4. Rees JD, Wilson AM, Wolman RL. Current concepts in the management of tendon disorders. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45(5):508–521. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
5. Maffulli N, Khan KM, Puddu G. Overuse tendon conditions: Time to change a confusing terminology. Arthroscopy. 1998;14(8):840–843. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6. Maffulli N, Longo UG, Franceschi F, Rabitti C, Denaro V. Movin and Bonar scores assess the same characteristics of tendon histology. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(7):1605–1611. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
7. Arya S, Kulig K. Tendinopathy alters mechanical and material properties of the Achilles tendon. J Appl Physiol. 2009 Nov 5; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
8. Longo UG, Franceschi F, Ruzzini L, et al. Light microscopic histology of supraspinatus tendon ruptures. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15(11):1390–1394. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
9. Longo UG, Franceschi F, Ruzzini L, et al. Characteristics at haematoxylin and eosin staining of ruptures of the long head of the biceps tendon. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(8):603–607. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
10. Longo UG, Franceschi F, Ruzzini L, et al. Histopathology of the supraspinatus tendon in rotator cuff tears. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(3):533–538. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
11. Longo UG, Ronga M, Maffulli N. Acute ruptures of the achilles tendon. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2009;17(2):127–138. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
12. Longo UG, Ronga M, Maffulli N. Achilles tendinopathy. Sports Med Arthrosc. 2009;17(2):112–116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
13. Rees JD, Maffulli N, Cook J. Management of tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(9):1855–1867. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
14. Garau G, Rittweger J, Mallarias P, Longo UG, Maffulli N. Traumatic patellar tendinopathy. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20–22):1616–1620. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
15. Longo UG, Franceschi F, Spiezia F, Forriol F, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Triglycerides and total serum cholesterol in rotator cuff tears: Do they matter? Br J Sports Med. 2009 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16. Longo UG, Oliva F, Denaro V, Maffulli N. Oxygen species and overuse tendinopathy in athletes. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20–22):1563–1571. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17. Longo UG, Franceschi F, Ruzzini L, Spiezia F, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Higher fasting plasma glucose levels within the normoglycaemic range and rotator cuff tears. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(4):284–287. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
18. Lewis JS. Rotator cuff tendinopathy: A model for the continuum of pathology and related management. Br J Sports Med. 2009 Apr 8; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
19. Cook JL, Purdam CR. Is tendon pathology a continuum? A pathology model to explain the clinical presentation of load-induced tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(6):409–416. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
20. Maffulli N, Longo UG. Conservative management for tendinopathy: Is there enough scientific evidence? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008;47(4):390–391. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
21. Maffulli N, Longo UG. How do eccentric exercises work in tendinopathy? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008;47(10):1444–1445. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
22. Astrom M, Westlin N. No effect of piroxicam on achilles tendinopathy. A randomized study of 70 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1992;63(6):631–634. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
23. Magra M, Maffulli N. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in tendinopathy: Friend or foe. Clin J Sport Med. 2006;16(1):1–3. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
24. Longo UG, Garau G, Denaro V, Maffulli N. Surgical management of tendinopathy of biceps femoris tendon in athletes. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20–22):1602–1607. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
25. Stanish WD, Rubinovish RM, Curwin S. Eccentric exercise in chronic tendinitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;208:65–68. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
26. Rompe JD, Nafe B, Furia JP, Maffulli N. Eccentric loading, shock-wave treatment, or a wait-and-see policy for tendinopathy of the main body of tendo Achillis: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(3):374–383. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
27. Kingma JJ, de Knikker R, Wittink HM, Takken T. Eccentric overload training in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy: A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:43. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
28. Ohberg L, Alfredson H. Effects on neovascularisation behind the good results with eccentric training in chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinosis? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2004;12(5):465–470. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
29. Maffulli N, Walley G, Sayana MK, Longo UG, Denaro V. Eccentric calf muscle training in athletic patients with Achilles tendinopathy. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20–22):1677–1684. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
30. Maffulli N, Longo UG. How do eccentric exercises work in tendinopathy? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008;47(10):1444–1445. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
31. Mafi N, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Superior short-term results with eccentric calf muscle training compared to concentric training in a randomized prospective multicenter study on patients with chronic Achilles tendinosis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9(1):42–47. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
32. Roos EM, Engstrom M, Lagerquist A, Soderberg B. Clinical improvement after 6 weeks of eccentric exercise in patients with midportion Achilles tendinopathy – a randomized trial with 1-year followup. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004;14(5):286–295. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
33. Purdam CR, Jonsson P, Alfredson H, Lorentzon R, Cook JL, Khan KM. A pilot study of the eccentric decline squat in the management of painful chronic patellar tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(4):395–397. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
34. Kulig K, Lederhaus ES, Reischl S, Arya S, Bashford G. Effect of eccentric exercise program for early tibialis posterior tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int. 2009;30(9):877–885. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
35. Petersen W, Welp R, Rosenbaum D. Chronic Achilles tendinopathy: Prospective randomized study comparing the therapeutic effect of eccentric training, the AirHeel brace, and a combination of both. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(10):1659–1667. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
36. Jonsson P, Alfredson H, Sunding K, Fahlstrom M, Cook J. New regimen for eccentric calf-muscle training in patients with chronic insertional Achilles tendinopathy: Results of a pilot study. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(9):746–749. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
37. Norregaard J, Larsen CC, Bieler T, Langberg H. Eccentric exercise in treatment of Achilles tendinopathy. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;17(2):133–138. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
38. Croisier JL, Foidart-Dessalle M, Tinant F, Crielaard JM, Forthomme B. An isokinetic eccentric programme for the management of chronic lateral epicondylar tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(4):269–275. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
39. Jonsson P, Alfredson H. Superior results with eccentric compared to concentric quadriceps training in patients with jumper’s knee: A prospective randomised study. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(11):847–850. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
40. Jonsson P, Wahlstrom P, Ohberg L, Alfredson H. Eccentric training in chronic painful impingement syndrome of the shoulder: Results of a pilot study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14(1):76–81. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
41. Sayana MK, Maffulli N. Eccentric calf muscle training in non-athletic patients with Achilles tendinopathy. J Sci Med Sport. 2007;10(1):52–58. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
42. Frohm A, Saartok T, Halvorsen K, Renstrom P. Eccentric treatment for patellar tendinopathy: A prospective randomised short-term pilot study of two rehabilitation protocols. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(7):e7. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
43. Rompe JD, Furia J, Maffulli N. Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus shock-wave treatment for midportion achilles tendinopathy: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(3):463–470. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
44. Rompe JD, Maffulli N. Repetitive shock wave therapy for lateral elbow tendinopathy (tennis elbow): A systematic and qualitative analysis. Br Med Bull. 2007;83:355–378. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
45. Giombini A, Giovannini V, Di Cesare A, et al. Hyperthermia induced by microwave diathermy in the management of muscle and tendon injuries. Br Med Bull. 2007;83:379–396. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
46. Rompe JD, Furia J, Weil L, Maffulli N. Shock wave therapy for chronic plantar fasciopathy. Br Med Bull. 2007:81–82. 183–208. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
47. Speed CA, Nichols D, Richards C, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for lateral epicondylitis – a double blind randomised controlled trial. J Orthop Res. 2002;20(5):895–898. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
48. Schmitt J, Haake M, Tosch A, Hildebrand R, Deike B, Griss P. Low-energy extracorporeal shock-wave treatment (ESWT) for tendinitis of the supraspinatus. A prospective, randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83(6):873–876. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
49. Speed CA, Richards C, Nichols D, et al. Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy for tendonitis of the rotator cuff. A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(4):509–512. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
50. Jakobeit C, Winiarski B, Jakobeit S, Welp L, Spelsberg G. Ultrasound-guided, high-energy extracorporeal-shock-wave treatment of symptomatic calcareous tendinopathy of the shoulder. ANZ J Surg. 2002;72(7):496–500. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
51. Cosentino R, De Stefano R, Selvi E, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic calcific tendinitis of the shoulder: Single blind study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(3):248–250. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
52. Gerdesmeyer L, Wagenpfeil S, Haake M, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic calcifying tendonitis of the rotator cuff: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003;290(19):2573–2580. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
53. Chung B, Wiley JP. Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of previously untreated lateral epicondylitis: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(7):1660–1667. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
54. Chung B, Wiley JP, Rose MS. Long-term effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of previously untreated lateral epicondylitis. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15(5):305–312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
55. Peters J, Luboldt W, Schwarz W, Jacobi V, Herzog C, Vogl TJ. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Skeletal Radiol. 2004;33(12):712–718. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
56. Pettrone FA, McCall BR. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy without local anesthesia for chronic lateral epicondylitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(6):1297–1304. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
57. Lebrun CM. Low-dose extracorporeal shock wave therapy for previously untreated lateral epicondylitis. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15(5):401–402. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
58. Moretti B, Garofalo R, Genco S, Patella V, Mouhsine E. Medium-energy shock wave therapy in the treatment of rotator cuff calcifying tendinitis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13(5):405–410. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
59. Furia JP. High-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy as a treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(5):733–740. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
60. Furia JP. Safety and efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic lateral epicondylitis. Am J Orthop. 2005;34(1):13–9. discussion 19. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
61. Hsu CJ, Wang DY, Tseng KF, Fong YC, Hsu HC, Jim YF. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2008;17(1):55–59. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
62. Albert JD, Meadeb J, Guggenbuhl P, et al. High-energy extracorporeal shock-wave therapy for calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff: A randomised trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007;89(3):335–341. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
63. Staples MP, Forbes A, Ptasznik R, Gordon J, Buchbinder R. A randomized controlled trial of extracorporeal shock wave therapy for lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) J Rheumatol. 2008;35(10):2038–2046. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
64. Vulpiani MC, Trischitta D, Trovato P, Vetrano M, Ferretti A. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in Achilles tendinopathy. A long-term follow-up observational study. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2009;49(2):171–176. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
65. Schofer MD, Hinrichs F, Peterlein CD, Arendt M, Schmitt J. Highversus low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy of rotator cuff tendinopathy: A prospective, randomised, controlled study. Acta Orthop Belg. 2009;75(4):452–458. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
66. Rompe JD, Furia JP, Maffulli N. Mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy – current options for treatment. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20–22):1666–1676. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
67. Rompe JD, Furia J, Maffulli N. Eccentric loading compared with shock wave treatment for chronic insertional achilles tendinopathy. A randomized, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(1):52–61. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
68. Kane TP, Ismail M, Calder JD. Topical glyceryl trinitrate and noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy: A clinical and cellular investigation. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(6):1160–1163. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
69. Costa ML, Shepstone L, Donell ST, Thomas TL. Shock wave therapy for chronic Achilles tendon pain: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;440:199–204. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
70. Kleinman M, Gross AE. Achilles tendon rupture following steroid injection. Report of three cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;65(9):1345–1347. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
71. Ford LT, DeBender J. Tendon rupture after local steroid injection. South Med J. 1979;72(7):827–830. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
72. Kapetanos G. The effect of the local corticosteroids on the healing and biomechanical properties of the partially injured tendon. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;(163):170–179. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
73. Matthews LS, Sonstegard DA, Phelps DB. A biomechanical study of rabbit patellar tendon: Effects of steroid injection. J Sports Med. 1974;2(6):349–357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
74. Neeter C, Thomee R, Silbernagel KG, Thomee P, Karlsson J. Iontophoresis with or without dexamethazone in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon pain. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2003;13(6):376–382. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
75. Fredberg U, Bolvig L, Pfeiffer-Jensen M, Clemmensen D, Jakobsen BW, Stengaard-Pedersen K. Ultrasonography as a tool for diagnosis, guidance of local steroid injection and, together with pressure algometry, monitoring of the treatment of athletes with chronic jumper’s knee and Achilles tendinitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2004;33(2):94–101. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
76. DaCruz DJ, Geeson M, Allen MJ, Phair I. Achilles paratendonitis: An evaluation of steroid injection. Br J Sports Med. 1988;22(2):64–65. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
77. Shrier I, Matheson GO, Kohl HW., 3rd Achilles tendonitis: Are corticosteroid injections useful or harmful? Clin J Sport Med. 1996;6(4):245–250. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
78. Gill SS, Gelbke MK, Mattson SL, Anderson MW, Hurwitz SR. Fluoroscopically guided low-volume peritendinous corticosteroid injection for Achilles tendinopathy. A safety study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A(4):802–806. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
79. Humphrey J, Chan O, Crisp T, et al. The short-term effects of high volume image guided injections in resistant non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy. J Sci Med Sport. 2009 Nov 25; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
80. Komurcu M, Akkus O, Basbozkurt M, Gur E, Akkas N. Reduction of restrictive adhesions by local aprotinin application and primary sheath repair in surgically traumatized flexor tendons of the rabbit. J Hand Surg Am. 1997;22(5):826–832. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
81. Orchard J, Massey A, Brown R, Cardon-Dunbar A, Hofmann J. Successful management of tendinopathy with injections of the MMP-inhibitor aprotinin. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(7):1625–1632. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
82. Coleman CI, Rigali VT, Hammond J, Kluger J, Jeleniowski KW, White CM. Evaluating the safety implications of aprotinin use: the Retrospective Evaluation of Aprotinin in Cardio Thoracic Surgery (REACTS) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;133(6):1547–1552. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
83. Dayer JM. Chronic inflammatory joint diseases: Natural inhibitors of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Rheumatol Suppl. 1991;27:71–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
84. Ehrlich MG, Armstrong AL, Treadwell BV, Mankin HJ. Degradative enzyme systems in cartilage. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;(213):62–68. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
85. Dietrich W, Spath P, Zuhlsdorf M, et al. Anaphylactic reactions to aprotinin reexposure in cardiac surgery: Relation to antiaprotinin immunoglobulin G and E antibodies. Anesthesiology. 2001;95(1):64–71. discussion 65A–66A. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
86. Orchard J, Massey A, Rimmer J, Hofman J, Brown R. Delay of 6 weeks between aprotinin injections for tendinopathy reduces risk of allergic reaction. J Sci Med Sport. 2008;11(5):473–480. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
87. Genety J, Pernin E. Utilisation du Zymofren1 dans le traitement des tendinites chez le sportif. Cahiers Me´d Lyonnais. 1971;47:135–139. French. [Google Scholar]
88. Aubin F, Javaudin L, Rochcongar P. Case report of aprotinin in Achilles tendinopathies with athletes. J Pharmacie Clinique. 1997;16:270–273. [Google Scholar]
89. Rochcongar P, Thoribe B, Le Beux P, Jan J. Tendinopathie calcane enne et sport : Place des injections d’aprotinin. Sci Sports. 2005;20:261–267. French. [Google Scholar]
90. Capasso G, Maffulli N, Testa V, Sgambato A. Preliminary results with peritendinous potease inhibitor injections in the management of Achilles tendinitis. J Sports Traumatol Rel Res. 1993;15:37–40. [Google Scholar]
91. Capasso G, Testa V, Maffulli N, Bifulco G. Aprotinin, corticosteroids and normosaline in the management of patellar tendinopathy in athletes: A prospective randomized study. Sports Exerc Injury. 1997;3:111–115. [Google Scholar]
92. Maffulli N, Testa V, Capasso G, Sullo A. Calcific insertional Achilles tendinopathy: Reattachment with bone anchors. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(1):174–182. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
93. Rukin NJ, Maffulli N. Systemic allergic reactions to aprotinin injection around the Achilles tendon. J Sci Med Sport. 2007;10(5):320–322. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
94. Brown R, Orchard J, Kinchington M, Hooper A, Nalder G. Aprotinin in the management of Achilles tendinopathy: A randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(3):275–279. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
95. Alfredson H, Ohberg L. Sclerosing injections to areas of neovascularisation reduce pain in chronic Achilles tendinopathy: A double-blind randomised controlled trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13(4):338–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
96. Knobloch K, Schreibmueller L, Longo UG, Vogt PM. Eccentric exercises for the management of tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon with or without an AirHeel Brace. A randomized controlled trial. B: Effects of compliance. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30( 20–22):1692–1696. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
97. Knobloch K, Schreibmueller L, Longo UG, Vogt PM. Eccentric exercises for the management of tendinopathy of the main body of the Achilles tendon with or without the AirHeel Brace. A randomized controlled trial. A: effects on pain and microcirculation. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20–22):1685–1691. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
98. Ohberg L, Alfredson H. Ultrasound guided sclerosis of neovessels in painful chronic Achilles tendinosis: Pilot study of a new treatment. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36(3):173–175. discussion 176–177. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
99. Ohberg L, Alfredson H. Sclerosing therapy in chronic Achilles tendon insertional pain – results of a pilot study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2003;11(5):339–343. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
100. Zeisig E, Ohberg L, Alfredson H. Sclerosing polidocanol injections in chronic painful tennis elbow-promising results in a pilot study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14(11):1218–1224. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
101. Zeisig EC, Fahlstrom M, Ohberg L, Alfredson H. A 2-year sonographic follow-up after intratendinous injection therapy in patients with tennis elbow. Br J Sports Med. July2008 [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
102. Alfredson H, Harstad H, Haugen S, Ohberg L. Sclerosing polidocanol injections to treat chronic painful shoulder impingement syndrome – results of a two-centre collaborative pilot study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14(12):1321–1326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
103. Hoksrud A, Ohberg L, Alfredson H, Bahr R. Ultrasound-guided sclerosis of neovessels in painful chronic patellar tendinopathy: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(11):1738–1746. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
104. Lind B, Ohberg L, Alfredson H. Sclerosing polidocanol injections in mid-portion Achilles tendinosis: Remaining good clinical results and decreased tendon thickness at 2-year follow-up. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14(12):1327–1332. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
105. Clementson M, Loren I, Dahlberg L, Astrom M. Sclerosing injections in midportion Achilles tendinopathy: A retrospective study of 25 patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008;16(9):887–890. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
106. Hoksrud A, Ohberg L, Alfredson H, Bahr R. Color Doppler ultrasound findings in patellar tendinopathy (jumper’s knee) Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(9):1813–1820. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
107. Willberg L, Sunding K, Ohberg L, Forssblad M, Fahlstrom M, Alfredson H. Sclerosing injections to treat midportion Achilles tendinosis: A randomised controlled study evaluating two different concentrations of Polidocanol. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008;16(9):859–864. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
108. Alfredson H, Ohberg L, Zeisig E, Lorentzon R. Treatment of midportion Achilles tendinosis: Similar clinical results with US and CD-guided surgery outside the tendon and sclerosing polidocanol injections. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15(12):1504–1509. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
109. Alfredson H, Ohberg L. Neovascularisation in chronic painful patellar tendinosis – promising results after sclerosing neovessels outside the tendon challenge the need for surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13(2):74–80. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
110. Alfredson H. Conservative management of Achilles tendinopathy: New ideas. Foot Ankle Clin. 2005;10(2):321–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
111. Kon E, Filardo G, Delcogliano M, et al. Platelet-rich plasma: New clinical application: A pilot study for treatment of jumper’s knee. Injury. 2009;40(6):598–603. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
112. Foster TE, Puskas BL, Mandelbaum BR, Gerhardt MB, Rodeo SA. Platelet-rich plasma: from basic science to clinical applications. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(11):2259–2272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
113. Sanchez M, Anitua E, Orive G, Mujika I, Andia I. Platelet-rich therapies in the treatment of orthopaedic sport injuries. Sports Med. 2009;39(5):345–354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
114. Sampson S, Gerhardt M, Mandelbaum B. Platelet rich plasma injection grafts for musculoskeletal injuries: A review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008;1(3–4):165–174. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
115. Hall MP, Band PA, Meislin RJ, Jazrawi LM, Cardone DA. Platelet-rich plasma: Current concepts and application in sports medicine. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2009;17(10):602–608. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
116. Mishra A, Pavelko T. Treatment of chronic elbow tendinosis with buffered platelet-rich plasma. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(11):1774–1778. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
117. Filardo G, Kon E, Della Villa S, Vincentelli F, Fornasari PM, Marcacci M. Use of platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of refractory jumper’s knee. Int Orthop. 2009 Jul 31; [Epub ahead of print] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
118. Knighton DR, Hunt TK, Thakral KK, Goodson WH., 3rd Role of platelets and fibrin in the healing sequence: An in vivo study of angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. Ann Surg. 1982;196(4):379–388. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
119. Mishra A, Woodall J, Jr, Vieira A. Treatment of tendon and muscle using platelet-rich plasma. Clin Sports Med. 2009;28(1):113–125. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
120. Sanchez M, Anitua E, Azofra J, Andia I, Padilla S, Mujika I. Comparison of surgically repaired Achilles tendon tears using platelet-rich fibrin matrices. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(2):245–251. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
121. M-Dan O, Mann G, Maffulli N. Platelet-rich plasma: Any substance into it? Brit J Sports Med. 2010 Feb 4; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
122. de Vos RJ, van Veldhoven PLJ, Moen MH, Weir A, Tol JL, Maffulli N. Autologous growth factor injections in chronic tendinopathy: A systematic review. Br Med Bull. 2010 Mar 2; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
123. Marx RE. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): What is PRP and what is not PRP? Implant Dent. 2001;10(4):225–228. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
124. Sharma P, Maffulli N. Tendinopathy and tendon injury: the future. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20–22):1733–1745. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
125. Sharma P, Maffulli N. Biology of tendon injury: Healing, modeling and remodeling. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2006;6(2):181–190. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
126. Sharma P, Maffulli N. Basic biology of tendon injury and healing. Surgeon. 2005;3(5):309–316. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
127. Edwards SG, Calandruccio JH. Autologous blood injections for refractory lateral epicondylitis. J Hand Surg Am. 2003;28(2):272–278. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
128. Iwasaki M, Nakahara H, Nakata K, Nakase T, Kimura T, Ono K. Regulation of proliferation and osteochondrogenic differentiation of periosteum-derived cells by transforming growth factor-beta and basic fibroblast growth factor. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(4):543–554. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
129. Rabago D, Best TM, Zgierska AE, Zeisig E, Ryan M, Crane D. A systematic review of four injection therapies for lateral epicondylosis: Prolotherapy, polidocanol, whole blood and platelet-rich plasma. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(7):471–481. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
130. Kannus P, Jozsa L. Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73A:1507–1525. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
131. Maffulli N. Re: Etiologic factors associated with symptomatic Achilles tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(5):660. author reply 660–661. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
132. Maffulli N, Testa V, Capasso G, Bifulco G, Binfield PM. Results of percutaneous longitudinal tenotomy for Achilles tendinopathy in middle-and long-distance runners. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25(6):835–840. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
133. Testa V, Capasso G, Benazzo F, Maffulli N. Management of Achilles tendinopathy by ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenotomy. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(4):573–580. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
134. Testa V, Maffulli N, Capasso G, Bifulco G. Percutaneous longitudinal tenotomy in chronic Achilles tendonitis. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 1996;54(4):241–244. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
135. Maffulli N, Kenward MG, Testa V, Capasso G, Regine R, King JB. Clinical diagnosis of Achilles tendinopathy with tendinosis. Clin J Sport Med. 2003;13(1):11–15. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
136. Romeo AA, Larson RV. Arthroscopic treatment of infrapatellar tendonitis. Arthroscopy. 1999;15(3):341–345. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
137. Ogon P, Maier D, Jaeger A, Suedkamp NP. Arthroscopic patellar release for the treatment of chronic patellar tendinopathy. Arthroscopy. 2006;22(4):462. e1–e5. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
138. Lorbach O, Diamantopoulos A, Paessler HH. Arthroscopic resection of the lower patellar pole in patients with chronic patellar tendinosis. Arthroscopy. 2008;24(2):167–173. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
139. Ochiai N, Tasto JP, Ohtori S, Takahashi N, Moriya H, Amiel D. Nerve regeneration after radiofrequency application. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(11):1940–1944. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
140. Takahashi N, Tasto JP, Ritter M, et al. Pain relief through an antinociceptive effect after radiofrequency application. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(5):805–810. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
141. Tasto JP. The role of radiofrequency-based devices in shaping the future of orthopedic surgery. Orthopedics. 2006;29(10):874–875. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
142. Tasto JP, Cummings J, Medlock V, Hardesty R, Amiel D. Microtenotomy using a radiofrequency probe to treat lateral epicondylitis. Arthroscopy. 2005;21(7):851–860. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
143. van Dijk CN, Kort N. Tendoscopy of the peroneal tendons. Arthroscopy. 1998;14(5):471–478. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
144. van Dijk CN, Kort N, Scholten PE. Tendoscopy of the posterior tibial tendon. Arthroscopy. 1997;13(6):692–698. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
145. van Dijk CN, Scholten PE, Krips R. A 2-portal endoscopic approach for diagnosis and treatment of posterior ankle pathology. Arthroscopy. 2000;16(8):871–876. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
146. van Dijk CN, van Dyk GE, Scholten PE, Kort NP. Endoscopic calcaneoplasty. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29(2):185–189. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
147. Thermann H, Benetos IS, Panelli C, Gavriilidis I, Feil S. Endoscopic treatment of chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: Novel technique with short-term results. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009;17(10):1264–1269. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
148. Willberg L, Sunding K, Forssblad M, Alfredson H. Ultrasound-and Doppler-guided arthroscopic shaving to treat Jumper’s knee: A technical note. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15(11):1400–1403. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
149. Boesen MI, Torp-Pedersen S, Koenig MJ, et al. Ultrasound guided electrocoagulation in patients with chronic non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy: A pilot study. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(9):761–766. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
150. Maffulli N, Longo UG, Oliva F, Ronga M, Denaro V. Minimally invasive surgery of the achilles tendon. Orthop Clin North Am. 2009;40(4):491–498. viii–ix. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
151. Longo UG, Ramamurthy C, Denaro V, Maffulli N. Minimally invasive stripping for chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20–22):1709–1713. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
152. Maffulli N, Longo UG, Denaro V. Letter to the editor: Minimally invasive paratenon release for non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int. 2009;30(10):1027–1028. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
153. Magra M, Maffulli N. Genetic aspects of tendinopathy. J Sci Med Sport. 2008;11(3):243–247. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
154. Lippi G, Longo UG, Maffulli N. Genetics and sports. Br Med Bull. 2009 Feb 9; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
155. Longo UG, Fazio V, Poeta ML, et al. Bilateral consecutive rupture of the quadriceps tendon in a man with BstUI polymorphism of the COL5A1 gene. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009 Dec 3; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
156. Bagnaninchi PO, Yang Y, El Haj AJ, Maffulli N. Tissue engineering for tendon repair. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(8):e10. discussion e10. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
157. Longo UG, Lamberti A, Maffulli N, Denaro V. Tendon augmentation grafts: A systematic review. Br Med Bull. 2010 Jan 4; [Epub ahead of print] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
